Although Amsterdam is the capital of the Netherlands, the government actually sits in the Hague and consequently this is where the majority of embassies are situated.
However the following are the consulates situated in Amsterdam which may be able to deal with passport and visa problems, trade enquiries etc.
Argentina - Herengracht 94 - Tel: 623 2723
Austria - Weteringschans 106 - Tel: 626 8033
Bangladesh - Strawinskylaan 2361 - Tel: 563 4015
Belgium - Vlaardingenlaan 11 - Tel: 615 4878
Brazil - Reimersbeek 2 - Tel: 301 5611
Central African Republic - Herengracht 214 - Tel: 524 0524